WP5. Environmental sustainability

Lead ILVO (Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research)

To assess the environmental sustainability of production systems with immunocastrates (IC) in comparison to systems with entire males (EM) and surgical castrates (SC) in different settings, modeling with data from all experimental trials of this project and other available data will be carried out. The environmental impact of optimized management strategies with IC will be evaluated, including carbon footprint and nutrient (N and P) excretion.